Flagship Arapaima Lithium & REE Project Brazil's Lithium Valley

Flagship Arapaima Lithium & REE Project Brazil's Lithium Valley

Geological Thesis

This map, generated from government data, clearly shows the most prospective (red, orange and yellow) catchment basins reported in the 2023 study, based on regional stream sediment and heavy mineral pan concentrates.

Government reports show anomalous lithium and pathfinder elements (Nb, Ce, Sn, Ta, Be, B) Confirmed spodumene particles in stream sediments within Spark’s tenements, despite cover formations.


1.Government Report

Geological Thesis

Geological Thesis


This map, generated from government data, indicates prospective catchment basins (red, orange and yellow) reported in the 2023 study, based on regional stream sediment and heavy mineral pan concentrates.


Government reports show anomalous lithium and pathfinder elements (Nb, Ce, Sn, Ta, Be, B). Spodumene particles have been identified in stream sediments within Spark’s tenements, despite cover formations.

1.Government Report

Strategic Location

Largest Contiguous Tenement: Spark Energy controls one of the largest continuous land package in the region, spanning over 64,000 hectares in Brazil’s Lithium Valley.


Total Tenement Package: All of Spark’s tenements combined in the Lithium Valley span 91,900-hectares


Prospective Geology: Geophysical data suggests lithium-bearing pegmatites exposed in erosional windows through regolith cover.


Areas worthy of follow-up exploration: Presence of spodumene particles in heavy mineral concentrates panned from streams highlight the untapped potential on Spark’s property.


Large Contiguous Tenement: Spark Energy controls one of the largest continuous land package in the region, spanning over 64,000 hectares in Brazil’s Lithium Valley.


Total Tenement Package: All of Spark’s tenements combined in the Lithium Valley span an impressive 91,900-hectares


Prospective Geology: Geophysical data suggests lithium-bearing pegmatites exposed in erosional windows through regolith cover.


Areas worthy of follow-up exploration: Presence of spodumene particles in heavy mineral concentrates panned from streams highlight the untapped potential on Spark’s property.


Strategic Location

Largest Contiguous Tenement: Spark Energy controls one of the largest continuous land package in the region, spanning over 64,000 hectares in Brazil’s Lithium Valley.


Total Tenement Package: All of Spark’s tenements combined in the Lithium Valley span 91,900-hectares


Prospective Geology: Geophysical data suggests lithium-bearing pegmatites exposed in erosional windows through regolith cover.


Areas worthy of follow-up exploration: Presence of spodumene particles in heavy mineral concentrates panned from streams highlight the untapped potential on Spark’s property.


Strategic Location

Largest Contiguous Tenement: Spark Energy controls one of the largest continuous land package in the region, spanning over 64,000 hectares in Brazil’s Lithium Valley.


Total Tenement Package: All of Spark’s tenements combined in the Lithium Valley span 91,900-hectares


Prospective Geology: Geophysical data suggests lithium-bearing pegmatites exposed in erosional windows through regolith cover.


Areas worthy of follow-up exploration: Presence of spodumene particles in heavy mineral concentrates panned from streams highlight the untapped potential on Spark’s property.


The Right Host Rock

Eastern Brazilian Pegmatite Province (EBPP), a ~150,000 km² Paleoproterozoic–Neoproterozoic belt (mostly in eastern Minas Gerais) known for its lithium cesium tantalum (LCT) and gem pegmatites.


Minas Gerais hosts ~90% of the EBPP; pegmatites here have been mined for gems and rare elements since colonial times. The Arapaima project falls within the Araçuaí pegmatite district (“Lithium Valley”), which includes major LCT-pegmatite fields at Itinga, Coronel Murta, Pedra Azul, Padre Paraiso, etc.


G4 granite in Brazil is associated with lithium deposits, particularly in pegmatite intrusions near these granites. These deposits are significant for hosting lithium-rich minerals like spodumene Spark’s tenements cover the fertile G4 Granite near Lithium Ionic, Atlas Lithium and Sigma Lithium, along with the surrounding basement schist and granite-gneiss complexes and importantly the location of shallow regolith cover.

Regional geology highlighting Spark’s tenements over the fertile G4 supersuite granite (Source: Modified from Pedrosa-Soares et al. 2011)

Eastern Brazilian Pegmatite Province (EBPP), a ~150,000 km² Paleoproterozoic–Neoproterozoic belt (mostly in eastern Minas Gerais) known for its lithium cesium tantalum (LCT) and gem pegmatites.


Minas Gerais hosts ~90% of the EBPP; pegmatites here have been mined for gems and rare elements since colonial times. The Arapaima project falls within the Araçuaí pegmatite district (“Lithium Valley”), which includes major LCT-pegmatite fields at Itinga, Coronel Murta, Pedra Azul, Padre Paraiso, etc.


G4 granite in Brazil is associated with lithium deposits, particularly in pegmatite intrusions near these granites. These deposits are significant for hosting lithium-rich minerals like spodumene Spark’s tenements cover the fertile G4 Granite near Lithium Ionic, Atlas Lithium and Sigma Lithium, along with the surrounding basement schist and granite-gneiss complexes and importantly the location of shallow regolith cover.


Regional geology highlighting Spark’s tenements over the fertile G4 supersuite granite (Source: Modified from Pedrosa-Soares et al. 2011)

Arapaima Lithium and REE project advanced targets

Arapaima Lithium and REE project advanced targets

Defined Follow-Up Drill Targets

Spark’s 91,900-hectare Arapaima Project hosts multiple high-priority targets defined through drilling, geochemistry, and geological interpretation.


Following the successful maiden five-hole reverse circulation program, four advanced target areas have been prioritized for immediate follow-up:

Cruzeta, Grota do Maquém, Água Branca, and Caladão

These targets are supported by:

  • Detailed structural interpretation of the pegmatites throughout the tenements.

  • Continue systematic regional geological mapping and sampling over the remaining sections of the property that have yet to be explore.

  • Systematic stream sediment sampling across all permits and follow up with targeted Auger grid sampling. The project has significant soil cover > 1m and requires mechanised Auger to undertake effective geochemistry.

  • Once geochemical targets have been defined then drilling can be assessed to test the Lithium mineralization initially within Cruzeta, Grota do Maquém, and Agua Branca.

  • Undertake road-based Auger drilling campaign utilising existing road access at the Caladão REE target. The potential for extensive REE has been defined by ongoing stream and grab sampling along with publicly available information from peer explorers within the region.

Caladão Target – REE Results from Axel drilling and Spark stream sediment and soil sampling (Source: Spark 43-101, March 2025)

Advanced REE Targets

Advanced REE Targets

Advanced REE Targets

Initial ground reconnaissance including geological mapping completed over the Caladão Granite.


Spark’s tenements are contiguous with Axel REE Limited’s Caladão Project and has returned high-grade REE and gallium mineralization after completing a first phase drill program.


Spark’s Caladão tenements are adjacent to Axel REE’s Caladão discovery; Spark continues to collect its own NI 43-101 assays before making further grade statements, while the Feb. 13 news release contains the detailed TREO/Ga₂O₃ intervals:


  • Anomalous TREO results > 3,000ppm in soils samples and;

  • Anomalous TREO results > 6,000ppm in stream sediment samples.


Mineralization on adjacent properties is not necessarily indicative of mineralization on the Company’s property.

Advanced Lithium Targets

Three high-priority lithium exploration targets include Cruzeta, Grota do Maquém and Agua Branca.


Spark geologists logged 401 outcrop observations, took 397 geochemical samples (stream sediment, soil, rock-chip) and identified 123 pegmatite occurrences within 13 trends spanning a combined 31km strike through Spark’s tenements.


Target mineralization is predominantly LCT-type granitic pegmatites (hosting lithium, cesium, tantalum, niobium, etc.).


Field observations report pegmatites ranging from centimetres to ~200m thick. All exposed pegmatites are heavily weathered in the tropical climate. Sahara (43-101 QP) notes that deeply weathered profiles can hide higher-grade spodumene zones at depth.


Spark’s Caladão tenements border Axel REE’s discovery, so we’re continuing to collect our own NI 43‑101 assays before making any resource statements. These sample values are

  selective highlights; see the Feb. 13 NI 43‑101 release for the full TREO/Ga₂O₃ dataset.

Cruzeta Lithium Target and corresponding rock chip and stream sediment results (Source: Spark 43-101, March 2025)

Cruzeta Lithium Target and corresponding rock chip and stream sediment results (Source: Spark 43-101, March 2025)

Eastern Brazilian Pegmatite Province (EBPP), a ~150,000 km² Paleoproterozoic–Neoproterozoic belt (mostly in eastern Minas Gerais) known for its lithium cesium tantalum (LCT) and gem pegmatites.


Minas Gerais hosts ~90% of the EBPP; pegmatites here have been mined for gems and rare elements since colonial times. The Arapaima project falls within the Araçuaí pegmatite district (“Lithium Valley”), which includes major LCT-pegmatite fields at Itinga, Coronel Murta, Pedra Azul, Padre Paraiso, etc.


G4 granite in Brazil is associated with lithium deposits, particularly in pegmatite intrusions near these granites. These deposits are significant for hosting lithium-rich minerals like spodumene Spark’s tenements cover the fertile G4 Granite near Lithium Ionic, Atlas Lithium and Sigma Lithium, along with the surrounding basement schist and granite-gneiss complexes and importantly the location of shallow regolith cover.


Arapaima Li & REE 43-101 Technical Report

Arapaima Li & REE 43-101 Technical Report

Arapaima Li & REE 43-101 Technical Report

Arapaima Lithium Project Assay Results

Spark Energy - Master Sample Results

Spark Energy - Master Sample Results

Secondary Lithium Projects in Brazil

Secondary Lithium Projects in Brazil

Ceara State Project
Ceara State Project
Rio Grande Do Norte Project